Türkiye offers a mixed public–private healthcare system with near-universal coverage. The public sector dominates, accounting for approximately 78% of total health expenditures.

The Ministry of Health (MoH) is the primary provider for public healthcare, operating an extensive network of state hospitals and clinics (895 public hospitals and 63 medical university hospitals). The cornerstone of the system is the Genel Sağlık Sigortası (GSS; Universal Health Insurance), a mandatory social health insurance scheme which was fully implemented by 2008. The universal healthcare system now covers 95-98% of the population and is overseen and implemented by Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK, Social Security Institution).

The universal healthcare system is financed through a combination of social security premiums, with employees contributing 5% and employers contributing 7.5% of earnings, supplemented by funds from general taxation for those with low income. The scheme offers a broad benefits package that covers a wide range of services, including emergency care, primary and specialist consultations, hospital services, infectious diseases, childbirth and a significant portion of the costs for prescription drugs.