The Arab Republic of Egypt offers both public and private healthcare to its population of 116Mn. The Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) is the primary public provider, running a wide network of government hospitals, clinics, and primary health centers across the country. MoHP facilities constitute ~80% of all public hospitals (and just under half of all hospitals nationwide).

In contrast, private healthcare in Egypt historically had fragmented insurance. The Health Insurance Organization (HIO), an independent government organization operating under the supervision of the MoHP, has long provided compulsory insurance for formal sector employees, schoolchildren, and pensioners covering roughly 60% of the population under legacy schemes.

In 2018, Egypt established the Universal Health Insurance (UHI) system, launching a major reform to achieve universal coverage by 2030 and to ensure equitable access to healthcare services across the country, limiting out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic health expenditures. UHI is intended to be financed through multiple sources including citizen-paid premiums, government subsidization, and taxes, and is meant to be implemented in six phases by 2032.